1. Introduction Plastics have revolutionized manufacturing industries since the first synthetic polymer was developed in 1869-48. Today, these materials—composed of long-chain macromolecules known as polymers—have replaced many traditional materials such as metals, wood, and glass across countless applications-48. The global production of plastics has increased prodigiously to meet rapidly growing demand, driven by their inexpensive, multipurpose, durable, and lightweight characteristics-1. Plastic raw materials consist of polymer resins as the primary...